Four Hindu priests sat cross-legged on the floor in front of silver trays of rice, flowers and vermillion powder, chanting in low baritones that reverberated off the bare walls of the old brick temple.
An iPhone propped on a chair captured the service — known as a puja — and beamed it via Skype to a home in San Francisco, where a middle-aged woman wearing a red bindi and a head scarf watched intently.
Every so often, the priests peered into the screen and instructed her to mimic a gesture or repeat an invocation.
In Hinduism, the dominant religion among India’s 1.2 billion people, there are elaboratepujas for virtually every life event — and now there are virtual pujas too, along with last rites and other religious ceremonies being sold over the Internet.
This digital twist on a mystical, ancient faith is a growing part of India’s multibillion-dollar spirituality market. E-commerce sites also have popped up for Indian Muslims as well as minority Jains, Sikhs and Buddhists.
According to a 2011 census, 11.4 million Indian citizens lived overseas. There are more than 3 million people of Indian origin living in the United States.
Among the companies cashing in is Shubhpuja.com.
The idea for selling religious services online came to Saumya Vardhan when she was living in London. A friend’s father died in New Delhi and his widow struggled to manage the extensive rituals of the traditional 13-day mourning period on her own.
Leaving her career as a management consultant, Vardhan moved back to India to start the company in 2013 with her father, Harsh Vardhan, a retired bureaucrat and aviation expert who practices Vedic astrology on the side.
The company now employs five priests, all with advanced degrees from Hindu religious institutions. It has equipped a decades-old temple in New Delhi’s Noida suburb with high-definition cameras and hard drives to record pujas for out-of-town clients.
Each month, the priests conduct hundreds of pujas and consultations, mainly for Indian customers but also for a growing roster of Hindu clients in the U.S., Europe and the Far East.
“People want to keep traditions alive but no one has time to keep up, especially if you are far away from home,” Vardhan said.
The company offers 151 pujas covering much of the human experience — extramarital affairs, bad grades, business setbacks, criminal cases, distractedness, studying abroad, stomach problems and being unpopular. Prices start at $10 and go up to nearly $500 for the “full wedding” package.
The San Francisco client wanted to resolve problems in her romantic life. Her service was custom-designed based on discussions with the priests and an astrological reading by Harsh Vardhan.
The priests began the ceremony by summoning Ganesh, the Hindu elephant god and remover of obstacles. It ended a little more than an hour later with an arti — a ceremonial offering to the gods of light from a fire — before each person in the room turned 360 degrees to mimic Earth’s rotation.
But can an online puja work as well as having the devotee in the room?
“The most important thing in a puja is the vibrations,” said Narayan Shastri, one of thedhoti-clad priests. “As long as she is following the actions with her own hand and saying the mantras, the sound travels the same whether it’s through the air or through a mobile phone.”
At least some customers report good results.
One, who grew up in New Delhi and now lives in Northern California, turned to Shubhpuja more than a year ago when he felt he wasn’t advancing in his job as a program manager. Ankit, who did not want his full name used so as to protect his privacy, said several telephone and Skype sessions convinced him that his rough career patch was due to a temporary planetary alignment.
He stuck with the job and soon received a promotion.
Though he was not very religious growing up, he said the professionalism of the priests reconnected him to the family pujas of his childhood. The day before a Skype session, he would receive a list of instructions: Don’t eat meat, don’t drink alcohol, wear light colors and find a quiet place in your house to sit.
“Then you just log in at the appointed time and follow along,” he said. “It’s way more convenient, to be honest. It fits with our lifestyle.”
In a faith laden with complicated rituals and unscrupulous gurus, many of the new companies pride themselves on the transparency that comes with publishing a menu of services and a price list online.
Rahul Chotia was running a Web development company in suburban Mumbai a few years ago when his father complained that priests in Gaya — a pilgrimage site in northern India — had taken advantage of him during a ritual for a deceased relative.
So Chotia traveled to Gaya, hired a few trusted priests and a technician to stream services over the Internet and started Gayapahunchao.com.
“Five or 10 years ago, we couldn’t have done this,” said 30-year-old Chotia, who runs the company from his apartment. “But the 3G network is there across India now, so there is no problem at all.”
Even when Hindu priests are available in person, some Indians have come to prefer the online variety.
After her mother back in India was diagnosed with cancer in 2014, Babita Lakhanpal turned to Hindu priests near her home in the Bay Area, where she works for a semiconductor company. But she grew disillusioned when they charged her thousands of dollars and provided scant proof that the rituals had been performed.
She eventually hired the priests at Shubhpuja to conduct a monthlong puja at the temple in Noida. It was performed entirely offline, but when it was over Lakhanpal received a parcel in the mail containing photos of the ceremony and holy food known as prasad.
She said she believes the puja brought her mother some relief, though she remains ill. Her brother in the Bay Area has since done a Shubhpuja service over Skype in hopes of reducing the pain from a chronic eye ailment.
“Pujas give solace, and I believe in the powers of prayers,” Lakhanpal said.
That the company was based in India was a extra source of comfort.
“They have access to the best priests and they can use all the traditional materials,” she said. “And they know Sanskrit. It’s a feeling of authenticity.”